句子成分讲稿.docVIP

句子结构专题复习之一 ------- 句子成分 一 概念 句子成分即句子的组成部分。英语的句子成分有七种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和补语。主语和谓语是任何一个句子都必须具备的成分。 二 主语 1.概述 主语是句子要说明的人和事，通常位于谓语之前，常常由名词、代词、动名词及其短语、不定式及其短语和从句等充当。如 a. Horses are useful animals. b. I have a good book. c. This is really a good chance. d. Lucy and her mother are going to Beijing to visit the History Museum. e. To go to college is his dream. f. Swimming is my favorite sports. g. That English is important is well-known. h. How to solve the problem is what we are concerned about. i. Fifty years is not a long time in human history. g. Teaching you English is my full time job. 2.形式主语 不定式短语、动名词短语及从句作主语时，为了避免句子有头重脚轻的感觉，用It来作主语，而把真正的主语放在后面，这样的It就是形式主语。如 a. To learn new words by heart is very important for English learners. → It is very important for English learners to learn new words by heart. b. Teaching you English is my full-time job. → It is my full-time job teaching you English. c. That English is important is well-known. → It is well-known that English is important 二 谓语 谓语即谓语动词，指的是实义动词的各种时态、语态及情态动词。是句子不可或缺的部分，常位于主语之后，说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或情态动词+ 动词原形充当。如 1. She cleans the room every day. 2. The room is cleaned every day. 3. She will clean the room tomorrow. 4. The room will be cleaned tomorrow. 5. She is cleaning the room now. 6. The room is being cleaned now.) 7. She cleaned the room the day before yesterday. 8. The room was cleaned the day before yesterday) 9. She was cleaning the room at that time. 10. The room was being cleaned at that time.) 11. She has cleaned the room recently. 12. The room has been cleaned recently. 13. She had cleaned the room by the end of last night. 14. The room had been cleaned by the end of last night. 15. She will have cleaned the room by the end of tomorrow. 16. The room will have been cleaned by the end of tomorrow.) 17. She would clean the room at that time. 18. The room would be cleaned at that time.) 19. She will be cleaning the room at nine tomorrow morning. 20. Sh