[医学]肿瘤英文.ppt

基础医学导论肿瘤Neoplasm Zeran Yang (杨泽然) Tel:Email: yangzeran@zju.edu.cn 复习思考题 1．名词解释: 癌基因; 抑癌基因;肿瘤异质性;副肿瘤综合征;Borderline tumor; Metastasis; Carcinosarcoma; Atypia; Teratoma; Precancerous lesions; Carcinoma in situ; Intraepithelial neoplasia 2. 肿瘤增生与非肿瘤性增生有何区别？ 3. 什么叫癌前病变？举例说明。 4. 试述肿瘤的异型性？ 5. 肿瘤的扩散方式有几种？ 6. 癌与肉瘤有何区别？ 7.试述恶性肿瘤的局部侵润机制？ 参考教材 李甘地 主编, 来茂德 副主编. 病理学 （第一版），人民卫生出版社，2001 李玉林主编 . 病理学(第七版)，人民卫生出版社，2008 Kumar V, Cotran R and Robbins SL. Robbins Basic Pathology, 7th. ed. Saunders Press, 2003. London. Main contents Definition Atypia of tumor Growth and spread Effect of tumor on host Differences between benign and malignant tumors Nomenclature Example of tumors Epithelial-derived Mesenchymal-derived Primitive neuroectodermal tumor Mixed tumor Carcinogenesis: the molecular basis of cancer Introduction Cancer is the first or second leading cause of death in many countries Tumor can occur in plants and animals Cancer is curable Incidence increases with age Introduction Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in the west, and the incidence ratio increased in recent years In china, digestive system cancers are more common, and the mortality rate is higher Some Conception: Neoplasm (tumor): new growth; Cancer: malignant tumor; Oncology: the study of neoplasm; Carcinoma: cancer of epithelial origin; Sarcoma: cancer of mesenchymal origin. Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in the west in recent years Section 1 Definition and Morphology 1. Definition An abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with the normal physiological needs and persists in the same excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli which evoke the change Tumors result from genetic alterations, resulting in abnormal (neoplastic) growth in absence of the initiating causes A neoplasm is often referred to as a tumor Neoplasia may be benign or malignant 2. General morphology and structure (1) Gross Number and size Shap