[医药卫生]北京外国语大学英语学院.pptVIP

Understanding and Teaching Spoken English 金 利 民 北京外国语大学英语学院 Outline Features of the spoken language Teaching spoken English: Principles and practice How to use A Speaking Course Part One: Preview Features of the spoken language Prosodic features Shortened forms Features resulting from limited processing time Organizational features Accent and dialect Functions of the spoken language 1. Features of the spoken language (1) 1.1 Prosodic features: stress rhythm pitch tempo intonation e.g. She sells seashells on the seashore, the shells she sells are seashells I’m sure. 1. Features of the spoken language (2) 1.2 Shortened forms Contraction Elision Ellipsis Contraction: a reduced form often marked by an apostrophe in writing e.g. can’t = cannot I’ll = I will Elision: the omission or slurring (eliding) of one or more sounds or syllables e.g. gonna = going to wanna be = want to be wassup = what’s up Ellipsis: the omission of part of a grammatical structure e.g. “You bored?” “A bit”, 1. Features of the spoken language (3) 1.3 Features that result from the limited processing time False start Repairs Fillers False start: when a speaker stops after beginning an utterance and then either repeats or reformulates it. e.g. right well lets er --= lets look at the applications -- erm - let me just ask initially this (The CHRISTINE Project: /RChristine.html) Repairs: an alteration suggested or made by the speaker, the addressee or the audience to correct or clarify a previous conversational contribution. Fillers: - no particular meanings - provides time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn e.g. “er”, “uhm”, “ah”, “well”. Compare with the Chinese filler “neige”. 1. Features of the spoken language (4) 1.4 Organizational features Back-channeling Turn-taking Back-channeling: Feedback for a speaker, meaning “I understand