[外语学习]句子成分.pptVIP

主语 (subject);1. What is Subject? The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. ;2. What can be used as Subject? ;2） 代词作主语。 You are a middle school student. He lent me his new bike.;6）名词化的形容词作主语。 The rich should help the poor. Old and young walked side by side.;3. 隐含主语（The understood subject） In imperative sentences（祈使句） - you, the person being directed is usually left out of the sentence and is said to be the understood subject.;e.g. 1. (You) step lively there, or Ill leave you behind! 2. Before assembling the swing set, (you) read these instructions carefully.;4. It is well-known to all that + clause It is hoped/said/believed/reported that + clause It is necessary/impossible/...for sb to do sth. 以上几个句型中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句或不定式。 5. Its no use /no good/useless doing… e.g.: 与他争执没有用处。 Its no use arguing with him.;谓语 (predicate);谓语基本特征;1. The question being discussed seems important. 2. The students are on the playground. 3. They have decided not to go to the party this evening. 4. John is teaching Mary how to ride a bike. 5. I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 6. He stood up, took the bag and left hurriedly. 7. Out rushed the boy. 8. You mustn’t smoke in the cinema.;谓语动词的时态和语态;4. Great changes _____________ (take place) in the city, and lots of factories have been set up. 5. He doesnt live here any longer; he ________ (move) to another city weeks ago. 6. Our teacher explained to us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound.;宾语(object);An object in grammar indicates somebody or something involved in the subjects performance of the verb. Bobby kicked the ball.;Objects fall into three classes: direct objects(直接宾语）, indirect objects（间接宾语）, and prepositional objects（介词宾语）. We threw knives. We listened to the radio. They sent him a postcard;Forms of objects 宾语的形