英语测试考试要点.docVIP

第一章 英语测试概述 四种英语语言测试法：写作--翻译法（the essay-translation approach）；结构主义/心理测试法（the structuralist-psychometric approach）；综合测试法（the integrative approach）；交际测试法（the communicative approach） 交际语言能力模式(communicative language ability model)--Bachman提出--建立在语言能力可分隔性假说（the divisibility hypothesis）之上。 模式包括三个组成部分：语言能力(language competence)，策略能力(strategic competence)和心理生理机制(psychophysiological mechanisms) 第二章 考试功能及其类别 Measurement（测量）, test（考试）, evaluation（评估） Test functions (1) pedagogical functions：A means to ensure effective teaching；To improve teaching quality；To obtain feedback on Ss learning progress；To validate teaching programmes (2) research functions -- a common means of measurement in research studies. Test categories (1) 按test purpose分: proficiency tests, achievement tests, placement tests, diagnostic tests. (2) 按test construction分: direct tests, indirect tests. (3) 按test format分: discrete-point tests, integrative tests. (4) 按scoring分: objective tests, subjectives. (5) 按score interpretation分: norm-referenced tests, criterion-referenced tests. 第三章 考试要素 Maintaining or evaluating test quality (1) Reliability refers to consistency of test results. (2) Validity is regarded as the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. (3) Authenticity is seen as the correspondence between features of test tasks and those of non-test tasks. (4) Interactiveness is viewed as the extent of involvement of Ss in completing a test task. (5) Washback means the impact that a test may exert on teaching or learning. (6) Practicality refers to the degree to which a test accommodates the practical constraints in test administration. (7) Overall usefulness Test validity(考试效度)：face validity--surface credibility or public acceptability；content validity--representativeness and sampling adequacy；criterion-related validity 第四章 考试规范的制定 为什么需要考试规范(test specification)？--考试效度，总体设计，考试评估，考试稳定性 The contents of test specification: test purpose, te