Growth Curve Models Latent Means Analysis：增长曲线模型的潜在手段分析.ppt

* Add a Quadratic Factor  Add a second (quadratic) slope factor (0, 1, 4, 9 …) Correlate with the other slope and intercept factor. Adds parameters 1 mean 1 variance 2 covariances (with intercept and the other slope) No real better fit for the Distress Example c2(6) = 98.59; RMSEA = .199 * Modeling Seasonal Effects Note the alternating positive and negative coefficients for the slope * Results c2(6) = 65.41, p .001 RMSEA = .120 No evidence of Slope Variance (actually estimated as negative!) Conclusion: Fit better, but still poor. * Empirically Estimated Scaling of Time Allows for any possible growth model. Fix one slope loading (usually one). No intercept factor. * Results Curvilinear Trend Wave 1: 1.00 Wave 2: 0.74 Wave 3: 0.95 Wave 4: 0.83 Wave 5: 0.87 Better Fit, But Not Good Fit c2(9) = 62.5, p .001  * Latent Difference Score Models Developed by Jack McArdle Creates a difference score of each time Uses SEM Traditional linear growth curve models are a special case Called LDS Models * LDS Model * Relation to a LinearGrowth Curve Model The same if a = 0 If a not equal to zero, the model can be viewed as a blend of growth curve and autoregressive models. * Nonlinear Growth: Negative Exponential One Unit Moving Through Time Constant Rate of Change (no error) The Force Pulling the Score to the Mean Is a Constant The First Derivative Is a Constant * More Complex Nonlinear Growth Sinusoid Nonzero first and second order derivative Pendulum dampening * Estimation Using AR(2) Model Negative Exponential 1 a1 -1 (the rate of change) and a2 = 0 Sinusoid 2 a1 1 and a2 = -1 Cobb formula for period length = p/cos-1√a1 Pendulum dampening factor = 1 - a2 Cobb formula for period length = p/cos-1√a1 * Go to the next SEM page. Go to the main SEM page. * Second Example Ormel, J., Schaufeli, W. B. (1991). Stability and change in psychological distress and their relationship with self-esteem and locus of control: A dynamic equilibrium model. J