从规模化生产到个性化制造.docx

CUSTOMIZATION从规模化生产到个性化制造冯宜萱 / Ada Fung摘要 ：以规模化生产方式建造公营房屋，就是指过去 55 年建成大约 700 000 个租住单位，高峰期每年建成 89 000 个单位，近年则每年平均兴建约 15 000 个单位。香港房屋委员会（房委会）一直肩负着推行公营房屋发展计划的任务，从当初规模化生产，逐渐趋向个性化制造。重复制造 是成功规模化生产的关键，而确保成功规模化生产的元素，是采用标准建筑组件、组合式单位甚或标准型大厦。我们说个性化制造，目标是全面 配合租户对改进居住环境越来越高的期望，满足社会对更安全和更环保建屋的要求，以及达到我们本身在土地上和财政上极度限制下推行房屋计 划的需要。我们藉着在规划和设计时间让小区参与，认定租户和当地小区的需要 ；利用机械化、预制、微气候研究和其他提高屋宇装备舒适程度 的措施，得以在切实可行的情况下，以规模化生产的造价水平，以大批个性化制造的模式建屋 ；在每年单位落成量、工地安全、建筑质量、环境 表现、成本控制和最重要的住户满意程度各方面，衡量推行大批个性化制造的成效。Abstract：To construct public housing by mass production means rental flat production for the past 55 years was about 700 000 and 89 000 units was completed per year during the peak. In recently years, it producing an average of 15 000 flats a year in the public housing. Hong Kong Housing Authority has been entrusted with the development in the public housing programme from mass production to mass customization all of these years. Repetitive manufacturing is the key to successful mass production and the standard block or combined unit which use standard components is the element to ensure the mass production. Our goals of produce customized is to meet the more and more high expectations to the living environment, the demand of building house more secure and environment-friendly and up to the require of the public housing development under the restrictions on land and financial constraints. We identify the need of tenants and local communities by public participation during architectural planning and design. Where practical, we construct public housing as a mass customization way at a mass production price level by using mechanization, prefabrication, microclimate study and other measures which improve comfortableness of building services. The effectiveness of mass customization is measured by quantity of completed units per year, Site Safety, build quality, environment, cost control and satisfaction of tenement.关键词 ：规模化生产 大批个性化制造 采购 组合化 机械化 预制 生产力Keywords: Mass Production, Mass Customization, Purch