高考必考语法精讲精练专题八:动词的时态和语态含解析.docVIP

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高考必考语法精讲精练专题八:动词的时态和语态含解析.doc

高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题八:动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态(tense)是一种动词形式,同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态,英语中有16种时态。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项:(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时;此外还列了被动语态,并将其作为单独一项。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived;第71题(短文改错)考查了think变为过去时thought;第75题(短文改错)考查了被动语态,删掉been;第79题(短文改错)考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题(语法填空)考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed;第74题(短文改错)考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have;77题(短文改错)考查了将using变为被动used。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed;第74题(短文改错)考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表:(以do为例) 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现 在 do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing 过 去 did was /were doing had done had been doing 将 来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing 一、一般现在时:动词原形或第三人称单数 1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。 (1)直接加“s”:work→works,take→takes (2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:carry→carries (3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”:go→goes,dress→dresses,watch→watches,finish→finishes 2.功能: (1)表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如: ①I have a dream. ②She loves music. ③Marys parents get up very early. (2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,occasionally,frequently,seldom等时间副词连用。例如: ①I always take a walk after supper. ②She writes to me very often. ③She is an English teacher. (3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实。例如: ①The earth moves around the sun. ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ③Two and two makes four. ④ No man but errs. (4)表示将来发生的动作: A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,as long as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如: ① Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow. ② Even if it rains this afternoon, Ill meet you. ③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. ④ Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you go. B.按时间表将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如: ①The play begins at 6:30 this e

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