高考必考语法精讲精练专题九：定语从句含解析.docVIP

高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题九：定语从句 定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了定语从句引导词that/which。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词when。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词which。 基本概念： 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。 非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开 。 关系词及其意义： 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 关 系 代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that 人或物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人或物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which替换 where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which替换 why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which替换 关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：①用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who??指人，在定语从句中作主语。①The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.?? ②Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?had?lost?his?way.??? ③?That?is?the?teacher?who?teaches?us?physics.???? 2．whom??指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 ①Mr?Liu?is?the?person?(?whom?)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.? ②Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy?(?whom?)?I?want?to?see.?? ③The?professor?(?whom?)?you?are?waiting?for?has?come.? ④Th