[理学]中山大学软件学院操作系统概念上课课件第22章.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Memory Management (Cont.) A heap in the Win32 environment is a region of reserved address space A Win 32 process is created with a 1 MB default heap Access is synchronized to protect the heap’s space allocation data structures from damage by concurrent updates by multiple threads Because functions that rely on global or static data typically fail to work properly in a multithreaded environment, the thread-local storage mechanism allocates global storage on a per-thread basis The mechanism provides both dynamic and static methods of creating thread-local storage End of Chapter 22 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Environmental Subsystems (Cont.) OS/2 subsystems runs OS/2 applications Logon and Security Subsystems authenticates users logging on to Windows XP systems Users are required to have account names and passwords. The authentication package authenticates users whenever they attempt to access an object in the system. Windows XP uses Kerberos as the default authentication package File System The fundamental structure of the XP file system (NTFS) is a volume Created by the XP disk administrator utility Based on a logical disk partition May occupy a portions of a disk, an entire disk, or span across several disks All metadata, such as information about the volume, is stored in a regular file NTFS uses clusters as the underlying unit of disk allocation A cluster is a number of disk sectors that is a power of two Because the cluster size is smaller than for the 16-bit FAT file system, the amount of internal fragmentation is reduced File System — Internal Layout NTFS uses logical cluster numbers (LCNs) as disk addresses A file in NTFS is not a simple byte stream, as in MS-DOS or UNIX, rather, it is a structured object consisting of attributes Every file in NTFS is described by one or more records in an array stored in a special file called the Master File Table (MFT)