法律英语Lesson4_Judicial_System教材教学课件.pptVIP

法律英语 Three salient characteristics The ranks from which judges are drawn 提拔法官的队伍 The method of their selection 挑选律师的方法 Their tenure 律师的任期 Judges are drawn from the practicing bar, less frequently from government service or the teaching profession. 法官主要从执业律师中选拔，很少从政府公务员或教师中选拔。 career judiciary 职业法官 prescribed route 规定途径 apprenticeship 学徒经历 service 服务 NO The outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with them into practice and not the promise of a judicial career. 那些杰出的年轻法学毕业生，作为为联邦和州法院最著名的法官工作了一两年的法律职员，只是获得了实践经验的报偿，而没有得到从事司法职业的承诺。 It is not uncommon for a vacancy on a higher court to be filled by a judge from a lower court, even this cannot be said to be the rule. 较高级别法院的空缺由较低级别法院的法官来填补，在美国并非罕见，但这并不是惯例。 The legal profession is not entirely unaware of the advantages of a career judiciary, but it is generally thought that they are outweighed by the experience and independence which American lawyers bring to the bench. 法律界并非没有意识到职业法官的优势，但人们普遍认为，法官优势被过高地估计，原因在于美国律师成为法官的经历和自主性。 Many of the outstanding judges of the country’s highest courts have had no prior judicial experience. 美国最高法院中有许多杰出的法官没有以前当法官的经历。 State court State court judges are usually elected, commonly by popular vote, but occasionally by the legislature. 州法院法官一般由公众投票选举产生，偶尔由立法机关任命。 The public lacks interest in and information on the candidates for judicial office 公众缺乏对法官候选人的兴趣和信息 The outcome is controlled by leaders of political parties. 结果往往被政党领袖所控制。 情况有所改变 Many local bar association have undertaken to evaluate the qualification of candidates and to support or oppose them on this basis. 许多地方律师协会承担评价候选人资格的责任，并在此基础上支持或反对候选人。 The substitution of a system The governor appoints judges from a list submitted by a special nominating board 由地方长官从特别提名委员会提交的名单中任命法官。 The judge then periodically stands unopposed for reelection by popular vote on the basis of his or her record.