[高等教育]Consonants.ppt

3 pairs of stops爆破音  bilabial [bai`leibi?l] (双唇音): [ p, b ]alveolar [?l`vi?l?] (齿龈音): [ t , d ]velar [`vi:l?] (软腭音): [ k , g ][ b, d, g ] are voiced(浊音) [p, t, k,] are voiceless(清音) [ p ] and [ b ] the lips pressed挤压 together. Thus a complete obstruction is formed, the air passage through the mouth cavity is blocked for a short time. Then the lips are quickly opened, and the air escaped with explosion. [ p ] and [ b ] 1. A bold spy put a big bomb in a pork pie. 2. The pork pie blew up a politician with a  big bang. 3. Put the pens and pencils by the parcel on a piece of paper. 4. The poor people were slipping on the  pavement where the apples had been  dropped. Note The silent (不发音的) “b” is ①at the end of the word (词尾) ②after “m”.（充要条件） comb [ k?um ] lamb [ l?m] tomb [tu:m] climb [klaim] “b” is silent when it occurs(出现) before “t”. debt [det] doubt [daut] subtle [sΛt l] [ t ] and [ d ] The air passage is completely blocked by raising the soft palate (软腭)and raising the tip of the tongue (舌尖)to the teeth ridge(牙龈). When the tongue is moved from the teeth ridge the air suddenly escapes from the mouth with an explosion(爆破). [ t ] and [ d ] Spellings of [ t ] 1) t, tt (regular规则的) ---- take, better, etc. 2) -ed ---- waked, laughed, etc. Notice “ t ” in the combination(字母组合) “-stle”, or “-sten” is silent. For example: castle [ `ka:sl ] whistle [ `wisl ] listen [ `lisn ] fasten [ `fa:sn ] Spellings of [ d ] 1) d, dd (regular) ---- do, dear, ladder, odd 2) –ed ---- tired, played, cleaned, robbed. Pronunciations of “-ed” The ending “-ed”, added to regular English verbs (规则的英语动词) to form the past tense(过去式) and past participle(过去完成式), has three different pronunciations. 1) [ d ], after all voiced consonants(浊辅音) except [ d ], and after all vowel so