PilingTerminology(术语学).docVIP

Main Directory Discussion Forum Events Main Dictionary Texts Publ. Unit Converter Companies Organisations How to join Main Pile Info Geophysics Info To startpage In English only Piling Terminologyfrom Basics of Foundation Design, Second Expanded Edition, 1999, by Bengt H. Fellenius, Dr. Tech., P. Eng.There is an abominable proliferation of terms, definitions, symbols, and units used in papers and engineering reports written by the piling community. Not only do the terms vary between authors, many authors use several different words for the same thing in the same paper, which makes the papers and reports difficult to read and conveys an impression of poor professional quality. More important, poor use of terminology in an engineering report could cause errors in the design and construction process and be the root of a construction dispute and, ultimately, the report writer may have to defend the report in a litigation. Fig. 1 illustrates the main definitions and preferred piling terms. Fig. 1. Example of Definitions and Preferred Terms Upper End of a PileOne of the most abused terms is the name for the upper and lower ends of a pile. Terms in common use are, for the upper end, top, butt, and head, and for the lower end, end, tip, base, point, bottom, and toe. The term top is not good, because, in case of wood piles, the top of the tree is not normally the top of the pile, which can and has caused confusion. Also, what is meant by the word top force? Is it the force at the top of the pile or the maximum (peak) force measured somewhere in the pile? Butt is essentially a wood-pile term. Head is the preferred term. For instance, the forces were measured at the pile head.Lower End of a PileWith regard to the term for the lower end of a pile, the word tip is easily confused with top, should the latter term be used - the terms are but a typo apart. A case-in-point is provided by the