模拟联合国文件.doc

Model United Nations Conference 2012 United Nations Environment Programme Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Industrial Waste Background Study Guide Da Lian University of Foreign Languages Model United Nations Association Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Industrial Waste Introduction of United Nations Environment Programme The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an international organization which coordinates United Nations environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. Its activities cover a wide range of issues regarding the atmosphere, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance and green economy. It has played a significant role in developing international environmental conventions, promoting environmental science and information and illustrating the way those can be implemented in conjunction with policy, working on the development and implementation of policy with national governments, regional institutions in conjunction with environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).UNEP has also been active in funding and implementing environment related development projects. UNEP has aided in the formulation of guidelines and treaties on issues such as the international trade in potentially harmful chemicals, transboundary air pollution, and contamination of international waterways. Background Information Transboundary dumping of hazardous waste refers to the export, often surreptitiously, of hazardous waste by developed and industrialized countries to developing nations, usually sub-Sahara African countries. Each year, worldwide produce three million tons of hazardous waste, of which 90% from developed countries. Hazardous waste, though undesirable, is the inevitable by-product of industrial development and several manufacturing processes. If improperly managed, these wastes may result in substantial adverse human health and environmental effects. Prop