南开大学光学工程内部课件Oct-19th.ppt

Two beam interference Coherence Conditions for Interference In order to get stable intensity-modulated interference pattern by using two beams, two conditions must be satisfied The two waves must maintain a constant phase with respect to each other, i.e. have the same frequency and constant initial phase The two electric fields have the non-zero projective components onto each other, i.e. the polarization directions cannot be perpendicular to each other Young’s Double Slit Experiment In 1801, Thomas Young demonstrated for the first time interference of light The coherent sources was gotten through: Light from a monochromatic source goes through a narrow slit. The narrow width of the silt make sure transmitted light comes from a tiny region of the source which is coherent. The transmitted light is incident onto a screen containing two narrow slits Young’s Double Slit Experiment The symmetric narrow slits, S1 and S2 act as the two light sources The waves from the two slits come from the same source S0 and therefore are always in phase. Other Coherent Sources Currently, it is much more common to use a laser as a coherent source The laser produces an intense, coherent, monochromatic parallel beam over a width of several millimeters Side view of the interference field Interference Patterns Constructive interference occurs at the center point The two waves travel the same distance Therefore, they arrive in phase Interference Patterns The upper wave has to travel farther than the lower wave The upper wave travels one wavelength farther Therefore, the waves arrive in phase A bright fringe occurs Interference Patterns The upper wave travels one-half of a wavelength farther than the lower wave The trough of the bottom wave overlaps the crest of the upper wave (180? phase shift) This is destructive interference A dark fringe occurs Young’s Experiment(Double-Slit Interference) Interference Equations The path difference, δ, is found from the tan triangle Optical Path Diffe