山区河流浅水河床漂石对局部水流结构影响的试验研究-工程科学与技术.DOC

[MD] 山区河流浅水河床漂石对局部水流结构影响的试验研究( 董晓1 王淑英2 叶晨1王协康1 （1.四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室、水利水电学院，四川成都610065；2.浙江省水文局，杭州，3100093） 摘要：西南地区山区河流床面常分布有卵砾石、漂石等大粒径颗粒，显著影响近底水流结构与河床变形。本文基于野外典型河段调查和概化试验，探讨了浅水床面漂石颗粒对局部水流结构的影响，补充了前人研究，并对今后研究提供了试验支撑。结果表明：纵剖面流速大小（，）向上随远离漂石而递减u=（u代表横断面不同深度纵向流速）点分布增高；漂石局部中心10倍纵剖面雷诺切应力16倍程度远高于且峰值点位置相近集中在漂石远部尾流区末端参数-1△x/D2区域，随淹没度（/D=1.2时影响最为强烈。 关键词：山区河流、漂石、相对淹没度、水流结构 Experimental Study on Influences of Boulder on Flow Structure in Mountain River with Shallow Depth Conditions DONG Xiao1 Wang Shuying 2 YE Chen 1 Wang Xiekang1 (1.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water ResourceHydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065; 2. Hydrological Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009) Abstract: Large scale roughness sediments such as pebble clusters and boulders were often found at the bed of mountain rivers in southwest region, the flow structure and bed transformation could be greatly affected by them. Based on the field investigation of typical riverbed and open channel experiments, the influence of boulder on flow structure with shallow depth conditions was analyzed and discussed，the result complemented the former studies and provided materials to latter researches. The results showed: the size and shape of velocity were greatly influenced, with different boulder particle submergence degree (H/D, ratio between mean water depth and boulder effective diameter),the intensity changed and decreased with the increase of length from the boulder; the fluctuation scale of average vertical velocity was concentrated; the points of u=(u stands for the cross-section longitudinal velocity of different depth) increased along the water depth after transiting to the greater affected downstream area; changes of the turbulence kinetic energy and longitudinal Reynolds shear stress in center planes were much higher than the left and right sides, about 1~10 , 1~16times respectively and their peak points were both located at the end of