备份定语从句语法考点分析与突破.docVIP

语法考点分析与突破 ——专题八 高考定语从句考点分析与突破 定语从句是中学英语教学的语法重点，也是高考热点。在2004年全国15套高考题中对定语从句子的考查总共出现了12次，在2005年全国多套高考题中出现14次。下面结合高考题来归纳一下定语从句的几大考点： 考点一：关系代词、关系副词的理解和选择 [备考清单] 定语从句中的关系代词、关系副词有如下三种功能：① 在从句的开头引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从句关系；② 替代先行词且先行词绝不可省，引导词有时可省（如引导词在从句中作宾语时）；③ 在定语从句中充当适当的成份。 1. 当表示时间、地点、原因的名词，如day, time, place, factory, reason等作先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，用where, when和why引导定语从句；在从句中作主语或宾语时，就用that或which。试比较： This is the factory where I once worked. This is the factory which/ that I’ve visited. The day that/ which I always remember is Oct. 1 The day when Nanjing was liberated is Sep. 11. The reason why he hasn’t come is that he has been ill. Don’t believe the reason which/ that he gave you. 2. 引导词引起定语从句修饰人并在从句中作主语时用who或that，在从句中作宾语时用who, whom, that或把引导词省略掉，但在介词后面只能用whom；引起从句并修饰物时用which或that；在从句中作定语指人或物，表示“……的”时用whose。 Do you know the student who/ that left a moment ago? Do you know the student about whom he’s talking? He’s the man (that / who / whom) you can depend on. Do you know the student whose father is an engineer? The train that / which has just left is for HongKong. 3. that和which在引导定语从句指物时，如果先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身是不定代词，如all, everything, nothing, none等时，或者先行词被the only, the very, just the, any等修饰时不用which用that。 This is the very magazine (that) I am after. You can take any book you like. 例1：I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 解析：答案为D。此题学生容易因为cases（情况）作名词而用which代替它引导定语从句，which的确可以代替cases但它不能在从句中作适当的成分，因为从句中不缺少主语或宾语；where可代替cases并在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语in many cases（在许多情况下）。 例2：I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 解析：答案为B。第一个句子的先行词是those years表示时间且引导词只能在从句中作时间状语，故要用when;第二个句子是非限制定语从句，引导词仍然是用于代替those years，但它要在从句中作主语，故要用which。 例3：Anyway, that evening, ________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up