《数据库系统原理Database System Concepts》双语课件-ch12(Recovery).pptVIP

2007-6-16 APWeb/WAIM2007 Huang Shan 2007-6-16 APWeb/WAIM2007 Huang Shan 2007-6-16 Recovery System Review: Database storage and access Data Inconsistency Failure classification Log-Based recovery Recovery with concurrent transactions Database Storage Hierarchy Database Access Database Inconsistency If a transaction error or hardware/software crash occurs, the database will be in inconsistent state: The data items updated by the committed transactions have not been reflected to disk as the system crashes. -- REDO The data items updated by the uncommitted transactions have been reflected to disk as system crashes. -- UNDO Failure Classification Failure Classification Failure Classification Disk failure: a head crash or similar disk failure destroys all or part of disk storage Restore database from backup, redo transactions that had completed. No need to undo. Can use standard dump/restore software. Recovery algorithms Recovery algorithms include two parts Actions taken to ensure enough information exists to recover from failures during normal transaction processing, such as Logging facility: logging transaction changes to keep track of transaction states and database history. Checkpoint facility: enables in progress updates to database to be made permanent. Recovery algorithms Backup facility: makes periodic backup copies of database regularly without stopping system. Can be complete or incremental (changes since last complete only) Stored on offline storage such as magnetic tape. Actions taken after a failure to recover the database contents to a state that ensures atomicity and durability, such as redo and undo Log-Based Recovery Log-Based Recovery Log-Based Recovery Deferred Database Modification Deferred Database Modification Deferred Database Modification (Cont.) Deferred Database Modification (Cont.) Deferred Database Modification (Cont.) Deferred Database Modification (Cont.) Immediate Database Modification Immediate Database Modification Example Immediate