第十一讲__时态(IV).doc

第十一讲 时态（IV） 现在完成时 构成： 助动词have(has)+过去分词（规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词要逐个记忆） 用法： 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：I have already finished my homework. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：He has learned Russian for two years. I have lived here since 1972. 和现在完成时连用的时间状语： 现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因而不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。但可以和already, never, ever, just, yet等状语连用。 如：She has already had lunch. 现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用，像today, these days, since, for a long time等。 如：Have you seen her these days? have(has) been和have(has) gone的区别：have(has) been表示去过或来过某个地方。have(has) gone表示去了某地，人已不在现场。如： He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。（他现在已不在上海了） He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。（他现在不在这里，他可能在去上海的路上，也可能已到上海） 例题1 汉译英： 我已经看过这部电影了。 他上学去了。 她已经把书还回图书馆了。 他们把这件事告诉老师了。 例题2 怎样翻译：（1）他去过那儿吗？ （2）他去那儿了吗？ 例题3 改错：(1) Great changes took place in Beijing since liberation. (2) We studied English for about three years. 例题4 错在哪里？ I have joined the League Member for two years. （我入团已有两年了。） 例题5 判断下列句子哪些是正确的，哪些是错误的： “我来上海已经八年了。” I have come to Shanghai for eight years. I come to Shanghai for eight years. I have been in Shanghai eight for years. I came to Shanghai eight years ago. I have lived in Shanghai for eight years. I came to Shanghai for eight years. 例题6 选择正确句子。 The film has begun for five minutes. The film has been on for five minutes. 过去完成时 构成： 过去完成时由“助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词”构成。 用法： 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间常用以下几种方式： 用by, before等构成短语。 如：How many English books had you read by the end of last term? They had got to the station before six o’clock. 用when, before等引导从句。 如：When he got to the meeting room, the meeting had already begun. 通过上下文表示。 如：The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel. 过去完成时还可以表示，从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。往往和由for或since引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 如：My brother had worked in a factory for three years before he went to college. I met Li Ping yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since I moved to Beijing. 例题1 完成句子： When we got to the statio