Unit 8 Text A 注释及译文.docVIP

Text A What Analytical Chemists Do Analytical chemistry is concerned with the chemical characterization of matter and the answers to two important questions: what is it (qualitative) and how much is it (quantitative). Chemicals make up everything we use or consume, and knowledge of the chemical composition of many substances important in our daily lives. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in nearly all aspects of chemistry, for example, agricultural, clinical, environmental, forensic, manufacturing, metallurgical, and pharmaceutical chemistry. The nitrogen content of a fertilizer determines its value. Foods must be analyzed for contaminants (e.g., pesticide residues) and for essential nutrients (e.g. vitamin content). The air in cities must be analyzed for carbon monoxide. Blood glucose must be monitored in diabetics (and, in fact, most diseases are diagnosed by chemical analysis). The presence of trace elements from gun powder on a murder defendant’s hand will prove a gun was fired. The quality of manufactured products often depends on proper chemical proportions, and measurement of the constituents is a necessary part of quality control. The carbon of steel will determine its quality. The purity of drugs will determine their efficacy. 1、qualitative [kw?lit?tiv, -tei-] adj. 定性的；质的，性质上的 2、quantitative [kw?ntit?tiv, -tei-] adj. 定量的；量的，数量的 3、consume [k?nsju:m]vt. 消耗，消费；使…著迷；挥霍 vi. 耗尽，毁灭；耗尽生命 4、analytical [,?n?litik,-k?l] adj. 分析的；解析的；善于分析的 5、forensic [f?rensik] adj. 辩论的；法院的；适于法庭的 6、metallurgical [,mel?l?:d?ik,-k?l] adj. 冶金学的；冶金的 7、nitrogen [naitr?d??n] n. [化]氮 8、contaminant [k?nt?min?nt] n. 污染物；致污物 9、pesticide residues [pestisaid] [rez?,du:, -,dju:]杀虫剂残留 10、carbon monoxide [无化] 一氧化碳 11、glucose [ɡlu:k?us]n. 葡萄糖；葡糖（等于dextrose） 12、diabetic [,dai?betik] adj. 糖尿病的，患糖尿病的 n. 糖尿病患者 13、defendant [difend?nt] adj. 为自己辩护的；辩护的 n. 被告 14、constituent [k?nstitju?nt]n. 成分；选民；委托 adj. 构成的；选举的 分析化学研究物质的化学成分，并且要解决两个问题：样品里有什么化学物质（定性），化学物质的量有多少（定量）。在我们的日常生