高考英语专题复习 专题八 定语从句和名词性从句.docxVIP

一、定语从句(一)关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语 The people who called yesterday want to buy the house. The author(whom)you criticized has written a letter in reply. Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor? The person that you talked about just now is Mr Liu. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. Tom was late for work again this morning，which made the boss angry. As is known to all，China is the biggest developing country in the world. I still remember the day when(on which)I first came to this school. This is the small village where(in which)he was born. The reason why(for which)he refused the invitation is not clear.作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但在介词后作宾语的关系代词不可以省略；关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。 (二)关系代词that与which的用法区别只用that的情况(1)当先行词既有人也有物时。 I can still remember the teacher and his lessons that give me a most lasting impression.(2)先行词前有序数词，the only，the last，the very(恰恰，正好)，any，few，little，no，all或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the most interesting film that I have seen.(3)当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?(4)当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句，或有一个定语从句已经由which引导时。 Who is the man that is standing there?They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.只用which的情况(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用which(指人时用whom)。 This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago.(2)在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用which。 The meeting was put off，which was actually what we wanted.(3)当先行词本身就是that时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?(三)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：介词的确定该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。 Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with...确定) He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(