(精选)欧洲文化入门Europe Culture3 The Middle Ages课件.pptVIP

Europe Culture An Introduction 3;Lecture 3: The Middle Ages ; In 476 A.D. a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 西罗马476灭，东罗马1653年灭. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.;Manor and Church ;;;;;c) Knighthood and code of chivalry: Almost all nobles were knights in the medieval days. But they had to experienced a long and hard training. As a knight，he were pledged to protect the weak，to fight for the church， to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry， from which the western idea of good manners developed. ;After a knight was successful in his trained and tournaments， there was always a special ceremony (选择) to award him with a title， knight. This special ceremony is called dubbing. knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called tournaments.(模拟战场) 2. The Church After 1054， the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.;;;; a) The organization of Church The word “catholic” means “universal” The Catholic Church was a highly centralized and disciplined international organization. b) Church Fathers and Early Monasticism St. Jerome Augustine of Hippo St. Benedict Benedictine Rule c) the power and influence of the Catholic Church under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.;Kings, nobles and church officials worked together to rule the people. Clergymen were the only teachers, as they were the best-educated men in their day. People pay taxes to churches. nobles and Kings often gave lands, crops or cattle to support the church. Many high church officals were themselves big landowners and influencial nobles. The pope not only ruled Rome and part of Italy a