Grammar---不定式.ppt

Grammar Infinitives Inf. Acts as subject (用作主语) 1. 作主语，如：To master a foreign language is no easy job. Attention :在“ It is + a. + inf.”句型中，常用for sb. 或of sb.来作不定式的逻辑主语，如何区分，有两种方法 １.for sb. 通常使用表示客观情况的形容词．Eg: easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, necessary, interesting等 Eg: It’s important for us to express our opinions. of sb. 一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词．Eg: good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful, polite 等 Eg. It’ s clever of him to leave that country.　 2. of sb. 一般都可以换成一个不定式作状语的句子，而for sb.则不可以 It is impolite of him to say so.= He is impolite to say so.( T )　他这样说是不礼貌的． It is important for him to say so. = He is important to say so.（F ) 对于他来讲，这么说是非常重要的． Ⅱ. 作表语 (Act as predictive) The most important thing is to put theory into practice. Our task is to clean the play ground. 1 动词宾语：有些动词后面常用不定式 attempt to do (试图）, expect to do（期待）, hope to do （希望）, manage to do (成功做）, pretend to do (假装）, promise to do (承诺), refuse to do （拒绝), would like/love to do, plan to do, intend to do（计划做） can’t wait to do （迫不及待的做）,　　　 be dying to do (渴望做), desire to do (想要） be eager to do(渴望做), long to do(渴望） seem to do（似乎做）， appear to do（似乎做） afford to do(提供做) threaten to do (威胁做) 2.形式宾语的句型 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ it ＋ 宾语补足语 ＋ to do 　 常见用形式宾语的动词有：consider, believe, feel, make , find, know, regard等 I find it a pleasure to talk with you. 我知道一天中完成这么多作业是不可能的． I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 我认为不花费大量时间去记忆，要掌握一门外语是不可能的． I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 3.介词的宾语： The enemy had no choice but to surrender. She did nothing but (except) weep. What do you like to do besides play balls? There was nothing for the students to do except read the books aloud. 4.疑问词+不定式的宾语： Not having prepared beforehand, I didn’t know what to do. He hasn’t decided which to choose. I am wondering where to go. Ⅳ. Inf. Acts as complement (用作补足语) 1. 动词宾语的补足语 Mother doesn’t allow my brother to play comput