(精选)Artificial Lung教学课件.pptVIP

Artificial Lung Medical device to take over or supplement the respiratory function of the lungs. Used in cardiopulmonary bypass for open-heart surgery. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) to treat respiratory insufficiency. Classification Extracorporeal : - External blood circuit, temporary support. - Currently used. - e.g. : CPB, EMO Paracorporeal : - Integrated pump/oxygenator. - Wearable. - Temporary to semi-pemanent. Artificial Lung Intracorporeal : - Surgical implant. - Percutaneous insertion. - Semi-permanent, temporary support. Hollow Fiber Hollow of fiber membranes form basic gas exchange unit. Small polymer tubes, microporous walls 20 to 50 um, outer diameters 200 to 400 um. Made of hydrophobic polymers, often polypropylene, so that membrane wall pores remain gas-filled and respiratory gases can diffuse readily across it. Principle Operation Oxygen (O2) ‘‘sweep gas’’ flows through the inside lumens of the hollow fibers. Blood flows outside the hollow fibers through spaces in the hollow fiber bundle Artificial Lung Oxygen diffuses down its concentration gradient across the fiber wall into blood. Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuses down its concentration gradient from the blood into the sweep gas. CO2 removed when the sweep gas exits the device. Gas Exchange O2 exchange rate is : where K is gas exchange permeance. PO2g and PO2b are the average O2 partial pressures in the sweep gas and blood phases. A is the total membrane area of the hollow fiber bundle. Similar to previous equation, CO2 gas exchange rate is : Artificial Lung Overall transfer resistance in artificial lung device : where Km and Kb are the membrane and blood-side permeances for each gas. 1/Km represents a diffusional resistance for the membrane. 1/Kb represents a resistance for gas diffusing between the membrane and the flowing blood stream. Membrane Permeance Microporous hollow fibers used as membrane. Fixed submicron pores within the membrane wa