(精选)商务英语综合教程(下册)Unit 11 Investment Demand课件.pptVIP

Unit Eleven ;Introduction; Text ; 1 What factors will determine the level of investment spending in our hypothetical economy? 2 Now the determinants of investment demand are , if anything ,even more complicated than those that influence consumer demand .Indeed, while economists often stress the relative depend ability of consumer spending at a given level of national income they usually point out the great variability of business investment spending. For this reason, changes in investment spending are of ten seen to be pivotal in causing upswings or downswings in a modern economy. ; 4 But it is not just the state of the market that one has to estimate. As a businessman, you would also have to investigate whether there are new productive methods and processes available to you that will make the investment profitable in terms of reducing costs of production or producing an improved product. The kinds of plant, tools, and machinery we have in the economy today are vastly different from what they were fifty years ago, and this is a consequence of the fact that businessmen invest not only in more of the “old” machines, but also in replacing “old” machined with “new” machines.; 5 Here we enter the whole area of technological progress. If there is an important new invention, for example, this may create a wide range of opportunities for profitable business investment. The great Austrian-American economist Joseph A. Schumpeter (1883-1950) emphasized the pivotal role of new products and new productive methods as stimuli to business investment. He considered ;Text ; Once these creative entrepreneurs had shown the way, other businessmen would follow in a swarm, introducing their new methods and business combinations. Schumpeter found herein the whole secret of the business cycle. The swarm-like appearance of new combinations easily and necessarily explains the fundamental features of periods of b