4D ESTIMATION OF DETECTION LIMITS：检出限4D估计.docVIP

EA – AC Winter Chemistry Lecture 6 February 12, 2003 To finish up Chapter 13, let’s spend a few minutes looking at indicators for EDTA titrations. There are over 200 organic compounds that have been used as indicators for metal ions in EDTA titrations. In general these indicators are organic dyes that form colored complexes with metal ions in a pM range that is characteristic of the particular cation and dye. The complexes are often intensely colored and are discernible to the eye at concentrations in the range of 106 to 10-7 M. XXXXXX Eriochrome Black T is a typical metalion indicator that is used in the titration of several common cations. As shown in the transparency, this compound contains a sulfonic acid group, which is completely dissociated in water, and two phenolic groups that only partially dissociate. XXXXX Its behavior as a weak acid is described by the equations H2In = = HIn2 + H+ K1 = 5 x 10-7 red blue HIn2 = = In3- + H+ K2 = 2.8 x 1012 blue orange Note that the acids and their conjugate bases have different colors. Thus, Eriochrome Black T behaves as an acid/base indicator as well as a metal ion indicator. The metal complexes of Eriochrome Black T are generally red. So is H2In as we can see. So a transition from MIn- to H2In does not change color. However if we adjust the pH to 7 or above so that the indicator is in the blue form of the HIn2, then we can detect an end point which is red to blue. Until the end point in a titration, the indicator complexes the excess metal ion, so the solution is red. EDTA has much higher metal complex formation constants than the indicators, so as EDTA is added to the solution it binds the available metal ions complexes. Just before the equilvalence point EDTA as bound all the free metal ions and takens ions away from the indicator complexes. Thus when EDTA has complexed all the metal ions, the solution turns blue as the indicator is converted fr