虚拟语气是一种动词形式.docVIP

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 一、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。 1、表示现在的虚拟式 时? 态 从?? 句?? 动?? 词 主??? 句??? 动?? 词 现 在 ???????? did /（were） ??????? would (should, could, might)+ do If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你身边去。 If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于一个非常困难的境地。 2、表示过去的虚拟式 时? 态 从?? 句?? 动?? 词 主?? 句?? 动? 词 过 去 had + done would + have + done If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 如果我们早一点动身的话，就不会误车了。 If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的 3、表示将来的虚拟式 时? 态 从? 句? 动? 词 主? 句? 动 词 将 来 should + do were to + do Would (should, might, could ) + do ?? If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他点问题。 If there should be no air, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物。 二、错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。 换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。如果我今天早上带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。 ??? If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果过去几年里不努力工作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。 ??? If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果当时的天气更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。 ??? If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来） ?? 如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。 三、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： ?????? But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我