IO高级编程.pptVIP

成都睿尔科技有限责任公司 CHARACTER AND LINE I/O FUNCTIONS Char-at-a-time: Input Functions #include stdio.h int getc(FILE *fp); int fgetc(FILE *fp); int getchar(void); (== getc(stdin)) Return: next char if OK, EOF on EOF or error getc(), fgetc(), getchar() getc() is a macro arguments without side effects fgetc() is a function func addr can be passed as arguments fgetc() is (a little bit) slower than getc getchar() has no argument No distinction between: file error end of file Char-at-a-time: Output Functions #include stdio.h int putc(int c, FILE *fp); int fputc(int c, FILE *fp); int putchar(int c); (== putc(c, stdout) Return: c if OK, EOF on error ungetc() #include stdio.h int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp); Returns: c if OK, EOF on error Chars are pushed back into stream Need not push back same char as read arbitrary character can be pushed back Cannot push EOF Line-at-a-Time: Input Functions #include stdio.h char *fgets(char *buf, int n, FILE *fp); stores: line + \n + NULL char *gets(char *buf); stores line only, without \n and NULL Return: buf if OK, NULL on EOF or error Line-at-at-time: Output Functions #include stdio.h int fputs(const char *str, FILE *fp); int puts(const char *str); Return: nonnegative value if OK, EOF on error Line-at-a-time I/O Suggestion: Use: fgets() and fputs() Remember: we always have to deal with the newline character at the end of each line! stdin ? stdout (using getc, putc) int main(void) { int c; while ( (c = getc(stdin) ) != EOF) if (putc(c, stdout) == EOF) err_sys(output error); if (ferror(stdin)) err_sys(input error); exit(0); } 成都睿尔科技有限责任公司 ?#? Part two　Linux C Programming02　 Standard ANSI I/O Library 成都睿尔科技有限责任公司 / Overview Standard I/O Library Written by Dennis Ritchie in 1975 Implemented on many OS ANSI C standard Buffer allocation Perform I/O in optimal-sized chunks Called “File Streams” Why use? – better optimized than system calls 1-1 stream and buffer File Streams A stream is associated with a file when we