名词性从句的各种区别.docVIP

whether 和if引导名词性从句的区别 ?两者均可用于及物动词后引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换。但除此(用于动词后引导宾语从句)之外，在其他情况下表示“是否”时，通常要用 whether 而不用 if，如用于引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等， 或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与 or not 连用等等。如： Ask him whether [if] he can come. 问他能不能来。 The question is whether he can do it. 问题是他能不能做。 Answer my question whether you can help him. 回答我你是否能帮助他。 It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。 注：在某些动词后(如 discuss 等) 通常只用 whether。如： We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否要开一个会。 that与what引导名词性从句的区别 ?that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如： 1. 用that的例子 That she lacks experience is obvious. The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time. My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday. ?2. 用what的例子 What (=The thing that) he said was true. 他所讲的是事实。 What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。 What he said is beneath contempt. 他说的话不值一理。 I’m sorry for what I said. 我为我说的话表示歉意。 That’s what I want to know. 这是我想知道的。 There’s something in what he says. 他的话有些道理。 Her interest was roused by what he said. 他的话引起了她的兴趣。 He was always conscious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was doing. 他一向清楚她不太赞成他的做法。 注：that 可引导同位语从句，what不能。如: Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? whatever与no matter what It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ her or she wants. A. whatever B. no matter what? C. whenever? D. no matter when 此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C、D显然是错的，因为句中的 wants 缺宾语，而C、D两项不能作宾语。至于C、D 的区别，可这样描述：no matter what 只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而 whatever 既可引导名词性从句(＝anything that)，也可引导状语从句(＝no matter what)： 1. 引导名词性从句(只用whatever)： 无论他说什么似乎都有道理。 正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable. 误：No matter what he says sounds reasonable. 2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用)： 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 正：Whatever you say，I won’t believe you. 正：No matter what you say，I won’t believe you. 无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。 正：Keep calm，whatever happens. 正：Keep calm，no matter w