泡沫金属材料的神奇之处.docVIP

Introduction: The strange world of cellular metals F.Simancik When Nature builds large load-bearing structures, She generally??uses cellular materials: wood, bone, coral. There must be good reasons for it. M.F. Ashby It is well known that porous structures are good for insulation , packaging, or filtering, but few people believe that they can be very effective in structural application. thousands of scientific publications deal with the minimization of porosity in load-bearing parts. Engingeers work hard to eliminate pores from casting , porosity in load-bearing parts. Engineers work hard to eliminate pores from casting, powder metallurgy parts, weld joints, or coatings，powder metallurgy part, weld joints, or coatings, thinking that a defect-free part is a pore-free one. With this attitude it is difficult for someone to accept that a load-bearing material can include pores, even quite large ones. However, large natural structures of porous materials have existed for thousands of years, demonstrating how evolution has generated cellular structures that optimize mechanical properties and structural function for minimum weight. Mankind tries to learn from nature. Understanding the benefits of natural structures gives us information to help us produce man-made cellular solids. The cell-wall material has to be chosen very carefully if the structure is expected to carry loads. Polymers appear to be insufficiently rigid and ceramics are too brittle. perhaps??metals could be the right choice. Several of the engineering properties of metallic foams are superior to those of polymeric ones : they are stiffer by an order of magnitude ,they are stable at elevated temperatures ,they possess superior fire resistance, and they do not produce toxic fumes in a fire. moreover, these materials are fully recyclable without any pollution or waste problems. the latter fact can no longer be ignored, because the products often have negative environmental impacts over product life cycle. Owi