EXPERIMENT 28 Intrinsic Viscosity Chain Linkage in Polyvinyl 实验28粘度链联动在聚.docVIP

EXPERIMENT 28 Intrinsic Viscosity: Chain Linkage in Polyvinyl Alcohol Chapter XII Macromolecules While the basic chemical structure of a synthetic polymer is usually well understood, many physical properties depend on such characteristics as chain length, degree of chain branching, and molecular weight, which are not easy to specify exactly in terms of a molecular formula. Moreover, the macromolecules in a given sample are seldom uniform in chain length or molecular weight (which for a linear polymer is proportional to chain length); thus the nature of the distribution of molecular weights is another important characteristic. A polymer whose molecules are all of the same molecular weight is said to be monodisperse ; a polymer in which the molecular weights vary from molecule to molecule is aid to be polydisperse. Specimens that are approximately monodisperse can be prepared in some case by fractionating a polydisperse polymer; this fractionation is frequently done on the basis of solubility in various solvent mixtures. The experiment is concerned with the linear polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), -(CH2-CHOH)-n, which is prepared by methanolysis of the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) obtained from the direct polymerization of the monomer vinyl acetate , CH2=CH-OOCCH3. A ordinarily prepared, polyvinyl alcohol shows a negligible amount of branching of the chains. It is somewhat unusual among synthetic polymers in that it is soluble in water. This make polyvinyl alcohol commercially important as a thickener, as a component in gums, and as a foaming agent in detergents. A characteristic of interest in connection with PVOH and PVAc is the consistency orientation of monomer units along the chain. In the formula given above it is assumed that all monomer units go together “head to tail. However, occasionally a monomer unit will join onto the chain in a head-to-head fashion, yielding a chain of the form where X is Ac or OH. The frequency of head-to-head linkage depend on the re