句子成分与句子类型学案讲与练（无答案）.doc

句子成分与句子类型 组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词,不定式,动名词来充当. 1. Lucy likes her new bike. 2. We work hard. 3. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4. Playing football after school is great fun. 2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样，通常由动词充当。动词常分为实义动词, 连系动词,情态动词和助动词. 1. They work very hard. 2. Tom feels much better now. (系动词如is am are sound look feel taste seem smell keep become等表示状态,后面往往接形容词) △情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. They can speak English well. They are playing over there. 3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . 4.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词或从句构成. 1. We study English. 2. I saw him yesterday. 3. He wanted to have a pen. 4. She likes playing basketball. 5.Our teacher said that he would go there. △双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语 1. He gave me two books. 2. I will show you my stamps. 5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词。由形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语等构成。 This is a red car. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6.状语:说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。状语一般是副词, 介词短语, 动词不定式, 以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句. You are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系） 宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型： 1. 名词（代词）+ 不定式 2. 名词（代词）+ 分词 3. 名词（代词）+ 名词 4. 名词 （代词）+ 形容词 名词（代词）+ 不定式 1. John asked me to help him. 2. Let him go home. 3. I saw her come out of the room. 名词（代词）+ 分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动） I found him standing at the gate. 2. He made himself heard. 名词（代词）+ 名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.) 1. They appointed her head of the English Department.