第六讲、非谓语动词.docVIP

非谓语动词 动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。 为什么会用非谓语？ －－因为有的句子要表达两个或两个以上动作，而又没有连词来连接。 eg: I have a dog ,the dog is called Poppy.(错的) I have a dog, which is called Poppy. I have a dog, called Poppy. 一.形式: 动名词 : doing (主,宾,表,定) 分词: (表,定,状,宾补) 现在分词—doing (主动,进行) 过去分词---done (被动,完成) 不定式: to do (主,宾,表,定,状,宾补) 1.?doing, done, to do 都是一般式,可以有变化: being done; to be done; to be doing; to have done 等. 2.?非谓语动词的否定式都是在最前面加not. 如 not having done; not to have done. 二. 分类详讲: (一) 动名词 doing (主.宾.表.定)兼有动词和名词的功能 eg: Studying English is easy.Study is easy. 做主语.Reading books is helpful. (1) 主表一致:Seeing is believing. (2) 可由 it 来代做形式主语的结构 It is no good no use (useless) doing sth. a waste 2. 做表语 主表一致 (同上) 表示状态 (辨: 现在分词doing做表语,表示动作在进行) eg: My job is teaching. (动名词) I am washing clothes. (分词) 3. 做宾语 vt. / prep. + doing (1)有些动词只能跟doing做宾语: enjoy, dislike, imagine, finish, avoid, admit, can’t help, feel like(想要), risk(冒险), mind, forgive(原谅), appreciate, consider, suggest, keep, practise(练习), delay(拖延), escape(逃脱), resist(抵抗),miss, can’t stand (难以忍受) (2) need require + doing (主动表被动) want (需要) eg: My car needs repairing (被修理). 4. 做定语 表示用途 (辨: 现分做定语表示主动或进行的动作) eg: a washing machine 洗衣机 (动名词) a waiting room 候车室 (动名词) a shaking body 摇晃的身体 (分词) a crying girl 哭泣的女孩 (分词) (二) 分词 现在分词 doing 进行和主动 过去分词 done 完成和被动 (三) 不定式 to do (主.表.宾.定.状.宾补) 1. 做主语 eg: To see is to believe. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。 2. 做表语 be to do 、seem to do/ appear to do Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。 做宾语 常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, preferafford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。 eg： want to doneed to do 动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语