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土地经济现在与实践分析

Chapter42 THE LAND MARKET AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ALAN W. EVANS* The University of Reading, UK Contents 1. Introduction 1638 2. Zoning 1641 3. Conservation areas and historic districts 1647 4. Growth controls 1649 5. Planning gain and impact fees 1653 6. Growth controls matter 1655 7. The supply of land 1657 8. Conclusions 1665 References 1667 * I am indebted to the Leverhulme Trust for financial support in the completion of this survey. Handbook ofRegional and UrbanEconomics. Edited by E.S. Mills and P. Cheshire © 1999 Elsevier Science B. VAll rights reserved. 1637 1638 A. W Evans Abstract Two kinds of government intervention in the land market are considered. The first is the control of development, of which the most studied form is zoning, but we also consider the designation of conservation areas and the effects of growth controls. Growth control may raise the price of land, allowing an infrastructure charge to be made or growth may be limited by charging impact fees. The second kind of intervention aims to increase the supply of land, either by direct action, as in the Netherlands, through compulsory purchase

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