中西思想论文“社会进化论”在中国之缘起及发展历程介绍、.docVIP

中国地质大学江城学院 课程设计（论文） “社会进化论”在中国之缘起及发展历程介绍 姓 名： 专 业： 英 日 双 语 班 级： 学 号： 摘 要 进化论是中国近代一切先进人物共有的世界观和思想武器,是中国近代思想史的主流。本文认为,近代中国进化论的思想来源,主要有三个方面:一是中国古代变易思想；二是今文经学的朴素进化观；三是西方进化学说.从纵向历史的演变过程看,近代中国的进化论经历了四个时期,鸦片战争时期为准备时期；戊戌变法时期是发展时期；辛亥革命时期为鼎盛时期:新文化运动时期为衰退时期.从横向发展看,中国近代思想家康有为、严复、章太炎、孙中山、陈独秀、李大钊等人都信奉进化论,尽管他们进化论的思想来源各不相同,但他们都进行了吸收和改造,并将进化论引入社会历史领域,形成了各具特点的进化论学说.康有为主要吸收了中国传统变易思想和西方自然科学进化观,形成了“三世”说的进化观；严复思想则是达尔文、斯宾塞等人物思想的产物；章太炎受到达尔文进化论和拉马克学说的影响,将革命引入进化论；孙中山也信仰达尔文学说,并提出“突驾说”；陈独秀和李大钊既接受了达尔文进化论又受到柏格森创造进化论的影响,分别提出“抵抗力”一说和“民彝”史观.中国进化论具有“多源多流”的特点,在“多流”之中又有其共性。 关键词：社会 革命 民主 进化论 中国 ABSTRACT Evolution is all in Chinese modern advanced figures were world outlook and thought weapon, which is the mainstream of the modern Chinese history. This paper argues that modern Chinese theory of evolution thought source, mainly has three aspects: one is the ancient Chinese variation thought; The second is the old text learn simple evolutionary view, The third is the western theory of evolution. From longitudinal historical evolution process look, the Chinese modern evolution experienced four periods, the opium war for preparation period. Wuxu political reform is the development period. Xinhai revolution for golden age: the new culture movement period for recession. From transverse development look, Chinese modern thinkers Kang youwei, yan fu, Zhang binglin, sun yat-sen, Chen, Li dazhao and people believe in evolution, although they theory of evolution thought source of each are not identical, but they are all on the absorption and transformation, and the evolution into the social history field, formed the respective characteristics of the theory of evolution. Kang youwei main absorption of traditional Chinese and western thoughts change natural science evolutionary view, formed a SANSHI said evolutionary view, Yan fu thought is Darwin, Spencer characters such as the product of thought; Zhang binglin by Darwins theory of evolution and Lamarckia