- 1、本文档共10页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多
土建专业毕业设计外文翻译--建筑的组成部分-建筑结构
毕业论文(设计) DOCPROPERTY Title \* MERGEFORMAT 外文翻译
Components of A Building and Tall
1. Abstract
Materials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load-carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions. The building also has mechanical and electrical systems, such as elevators, heating and cooling systems, and lighting systems. The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation is that part of a building below ground.
The skyscraper owes its existence to two developments of the 19th century: steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator. Steel as a construction material dates from the introduction of the Bessemer converter in 1885.Gustave Eiffel (1832-1932) introduced steel construction in France. His designs for the Galerie des Machines and the Tower for the Paris Exposition of 1889 expressed the lightness of the steel framework. The Eiffel
Elisha Otis installed the first elevator in a department store in New York in 1857.In 1889, Eiffel installed the first elevators on a grand scale in the Eiffel
2. Load-Carrying Frame
Until the late 19th century, the exterior walls of a building were used as bearing walls to support the floors. This construction is essentially a post and lintel type, and it is still used in frame construction for houses. Bearing-wall construction limited the height of building because of the enormous wall thickness required;for instance, the 16-story Monadnock Building built in the 1880’s in Chicago had walls 5 feet (1.5 meters) thick at the lower floors. In 1883, William Le Baron Jenney (1832-1907) supported floors on cast-iron columns to form a cage-like construction. Skeleton construction, consisting of steel beams and columns, was first used in 1889. As a consequence of skeleton construction, the enclosing walls become a “curtain wall” rather than serving a supporting function. Masonry was the curtain wall material until the 1930’s
您可能关注的文档
- 华夏广场产权式酒店项目投标书p.doc
- 华夏幸福基业--罗兰贝格产业规划.ppt
- 华夏广场产权式酒店项目投标书i.doc
- 华电内蒙em能源有限公司基本建设全过程跟踪审计实施细则.doc
- 华夏意匠建筑 故宫.ppt
- 华北电力大学-朱永强等 风能与风力发电.ppt
- 华西meta分析.ppt.ppt
- 华谊兄弟传媒集团环境分析.ppt
- 卒业设计仿单-锥形零件加工及编程.doc
- 卓冠祺打造团队精神,高绩效团队的塑造.ppt
- 补充《角度的换算-角的计算》(课堂PPT).ppt
- 结构化理论课——徐球球.pdf
- 2024年公务员(国考)之行政职业能力测验真题汇编及参考答案(满分必刷).docx
- 2023年广西梧州市藤县直属机关服务中心招聘笔试《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
- 2024年磐石市驿马镇乡镇机关选调生职位公务员招录1人《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
- 2024年省新郑监狱执法勤务类四级警长及以下公务员招录1人《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
- 吉林省长春市朝阳区事业单位公开招聘笔试《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
- 2023年福建省龙岩市上杭县招聘“三支一扶”笔试《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
- 2024年老河口市发展和改革局综合管理岗招录2人《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
- 山东省廊坊市广阳区事业单位公开招聘笔试《行政职业能力测验》模拟试卷(答案详解版).docx
文档评论(0)