词法翻译技巧知识讲稿.pptVIP

* 商务英语翻译第二讲 词法翻译技巧 Lexical translation skills 之 词义的选择与引申 Diction Extension 2011、9 like They are as like as two peas . 他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics . 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals . 小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词） Good health, like air, is essential to human beings. 健康，就像空气，是人类所必需的。（介词） line Analyze each production line. Is your line nylon rope or wire line? If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you will cross the International Date Line. For centuries, the Silk Road was the most important line of communication connecting East and West. 英语词汇的特点 英语单词具有一词多类、一词多义现象。 一词多类：一个词可以属于多个词类，并具有不同的意义。 一词多义：同一个词在同一个词类中，也有不同的词义。 翻译时，要在弄清原文意思的基础上，按照汉语习惯选择适当词义或加以引申，以求更确切地表达原文意思。 一、词义的选择（Diction） 1、根据词类判断词义：首先应确定这个词在该句子中属于哪一种词类，起什么作用，然后才能确定该词的意义。 Things like air, water or metals are matter. 像空气、水或金属之类的东西都是物质。 The two buildings are very like. 这两座楼很像。 It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. 正是原子构成了铁、水和氧等等。 词义的选择 We should like to know all the details. 我们想知道一切详情。 I like you. I am like you. 翻译一下 I like you. I am like you. 词义的选择 2、根据句子的内容判断词义 同一个词即使属于同一词类，用于不同场合、不同学科或专业，往往具有不同的词义。 Each pupil came up to the platform for his prize.? 每个小学生都走上讲台领取奖品。 The pupil becomes smaller in bright light and larger in dim light.? 光线强时瞳孔变小，弱时变大。? 词义的选择 heavy oil heavy bag heavy heart heavy snow heavy use of this idiom heavy sleeper heavy lunch heavy smoker heavy criticism heavy traffic 重油 沉重的袋子 沉重的心情 大雪 大量使用这种习惯用法 沉睡者 丰盛的午餐 烟鬼 猛烈的抨击 繁忙/拥挤的交通 （2）词序—相同/不同 up and down -----上上下下 cause and effect -----因果 sooner or later ----- 迟早 back and forth ----- 前后，来回 (3) 语法功能 Glass is often broken by rough handling. 玻璃常因草率的处理而破裂。 He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun. 他戴一副墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的剌激。 词义的选择 4、根据上下文意思和语境确定词义 Please take a look at the minutes of the previous meeting. n. 分钟；备忘录；（复数）会议记录 请看一下上次会议的记录。 The buyer cannot digest your price un