语言学课件幻灯片.pptVIP

Readers abstract the main threads of a discourse and infer missing connections, constrained by limitations of short-term memory and guided by how arguments overlap across propositions and by linguistic cues signaled by the text. 读者在阅读过程中提炼出语篇的主要线索和思路并且推理出未出现在语篇中的背景或关系，这样的提炼和推理过程受读者的短时记忆的时效的限制，也受论据在命题之间的互证方式和文本所表明的语言组织形式的指引。 Comprehension of text information in long-term memory is automatically activated by the presence of material that apparently bears a rough semantic relation to it. 带有与长时记忆中的信息有明显语义关系的材料出现时，长时记忆中的信息便被自动地激活。 Resonance model (共振模式) A resonance process serves as a first stage in processing a text, and, reading objectives and details of text structure determine whether a reader goes further and searches for a coherent structure for the text. 共振过程是对语篇进行加工处理的第一阶段，阅读目的和文本的结构细节决定读者是否继续处理文本并搜索构成该文本的连贯结构。 Chapter SixLanguage and Cognition 1. What is Cognition? Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment.个人心理过程或知识的能力，包括意识、知觉、推理和判断等。 Three approaches The formal approach: structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. 形式法主要研究语言结构模式，包括对形态、句法和词汇结构的研究。 The psychological approach: language from the view of general systems ranging from perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. 心理法从一般的认知系统如感知、注意和推理的角度来研究语言。 The conceptual approach: how language structures (processes patterns) conceptual content. 认知法关注语言中组织概念内容的方式和过程。 2. Psycholinguistics 心理语言学 Psychological aspects of language. Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language. Language acquisition, language production comprehension. 心理语言学是对语言的心理方面的研究，通常研究与语言使用相关的心理状态和心理活动，如语言的习得、产生和理解等。 Language acquisition (L1 / L2)语言习得 Language comprehension语言理解 Language production语言产生 Language disorders语言障碍 Language and Thought语言和思维 Neurocognition神经认知 Six subjects of research 2.1 Language Acquisition Holophrastic stage 独词语阶段 （1-1.2/2） Language’s sound patterns 开始学习发音 Phonetic