Concrete - Morrison Institute of Technology：混凝土-墨里森技术学院.ppt

Concrete Concrete Main Primary Ingredients Cement Aggregate Water Cement Been around for at least 2 thousand yrs Romans used them – found cements from natural mixtures of limestone and clay Portland Cement 1824 the first modern step was taken by Joseph Aspdin – produces a powder from limestone and clay Called it Portland Cement because it resembled a stone quarried near Portland, England Been improved since then and produces under strict guidelines today Portland Cement Ingredients Lime, silica, alumina and iron 4 parts limestone to 1 part clay Portland Cement Types 10 Normal – general work 20 Moderate – better resistant to sulfate – lower temp rise 30 – high early strength – fast curing (cold weather) 40 – low heat – lower heat – slower curing 50 – sulfate resistant – subject to attack from sulfate (salt) Portland Cement Packaging Bags – 94 pounds per bag – equal to one cubic foot volume Or by the truck load Cement Admixtures Air entraining – contains small amounts of additives that case microscopic air bubbles to form the concrete 2 to 8 percent finished volume Give improved workability Gives better resistance to freeze and thaw cycle With same structural strength Aggregates Makes up ? of concrete mixtures Qualities Strong Resistant to freeze thaw cycle Chemically stable Properly sized In general aggregate size must be no greater then ? size of the opening it needs to be placed in including reinforcement Typical Aggregated sizes ?” –thin slabs ?” to 1 -1/2” – slabs structural work Up to 6 in – Dams and other large projects Making and placing Concrete Rules for making high quality concrete Use clean sound ingredients Mix them in the correct proportions Handle the wet concrete properly to avoid segregation Cure the concrete carefully Water to cement ratio – major factor in strength of concrete – less water stronger But water is needed to hydrate the mixture – gives necessary fluidity and plasticity for placing and finishing Absolute water-cement ratio under .60 – w