红绿色盲红花绿叶分不清.PDF

Newsletter of Science Society December, 2013 二零一三年十二月號 ~Radiation Breeding~ Christmas is coming. Other than Christmas trees, we can see that a lot of poinsettia (the Christmas flowers) is used as the Christmas decorations owing to its bright red colour. If you have noticed, the poinsettia is not just red anymore. It can be creamy pink, white and yellow. However, do you know that they are not natural? The different colours of poinsettia are made by radiation breeding (輻射誘變). What is radiation breeding? Radiation breeding is the process of exposing the plants to ionizing radiation (Gamma-rays [γ-ray] 伽馬射線) in order to produce variations in shape and colour of the plants. A radioactive element Cobalt-60 releases high-energy gamma-rays. Gamma-rays are the strongest from of radiation with a very short wavelength. This high energy form of radiation can cause mutations (變異) of plants. Take poinsettia as an example, variations of the somatic cells (體細胞) occur in the region of cell division after the exposure of gamma-ray to poinsettia. As a result, the poinsettia can have different colours after radiation breeding. Why is radiation breeding used? After World War II, there was a concerted effort to find peaceful uses for atomic energy. One of the ideas was to bombard plants with radiation and produce lots of mutations which were disease or cold-resistant or just had unusual colors. 眼見盡是灰階~ 色盲人生是黑白？ ~ 五光十色、多采多姿的世界，常常為我們的人生添加許多樂趣；那你知道，有色 盲 (Colour blindness) 的人，眼睛所看到的是什麼樣的世界嗎？他們的人生，是不是 只有充滿黑與白的灰階世界呢？ 眼見盡是灰階 色盲人生是黑白？ 過去我們都以為，有色盲的人，眼睛看到的，只是一片充 滿灰階的世界。但其實這樣的概念並不正確。文化大學資傳系 孫慶文博士說：「其實所謂的色盲，他們並不是看不見顏色。所以說『色盲』，並不是 一個很精確的名詞，就是這個緣故，他們是某些我們正常人，很容易看得出來的色 彩，他們可能完完全全分辨不出來。」 色彩視覺障礙 都可稱色盲或色弱 會這樣子，主要是因為，他們的視錐細胞 (Cone cell