破伤风论文：重型破伤风患者的病情观察和护理.docVIP

破伤风论文：重型破伤风患者的病情观察和护理 [摘要] 目的：总结重型破伤风患者病情观察和护理的要点。方法：对30例重型破伤风患者加强病情和用药观察，及时行气管切开术以防窒息，术后做好气道管理，做好口腔、皮肤、饮食和心理护理，落实消毒隔离措施。结果：30例重型破伤风患者中死亡4例，分别是静脉药瘾2例、晚期皮肤癌1例和老年慢性支气管炎患者开放性骨折1例。其余26例治愈出院，1个月后随访无后遗症发生。结论：加强病情和用药观察，及时行气管切开术以防窒息，是重型破伤风患者抢救成功的关键；气管切开术后做好气道管理，做好口腔、皮肤、饮食和心理护理，落实消毒隔离措施，对促进患者的康复和切断传染病的传播途径具有重要意义。 [关键词] 破伤风；护理；消毒隔离；护理研究 [中图分类号] r473[文献标识码]c [文章编号]1674-4721（2011）08（b）-115-02 observation and nursing of patients with severe tetanus cai shufen, peng dongjuan, chen fuqiao infection deartment of people＇s hospital of maoming city, guangdong province, maoming 525000, china [abstract] objective: to summarize the conditions and nursing points of patients with severe tetanus. methods: to observe the conditions and medication of 30 patients with severe tetanus, timely gave a tracheotomy to prevent suffocation, have an airway management after operation, gave a good nursing of their oral, skill, food and psychology and some measures on disinfection and isolation. results: four cases of death in 30 patients with severe tetanus, there were two cases of intravenous drugs, one with cutaneum carcinoma and one with open fracture of elderly chronic bronchitis. the rest 26 patients had been cured, there had no sequela after a follow-up of one month. conclusion: to strengthen the observation and medication and timely have a tracheotomy to prevent suffocation is the key to succeed in rescue patients with severe tetanus; have an airway management, a good nursing of the patients′ oral, skill, food and psychology, and take measures on disinfection and isolation will have significant meaning in their rehabilitation and cutting transmission of infectious diseases. [key words] tetanus; nursing; disinfection and isolation; nuring study 破伤风是由破伤风杆菌侵入人体伤口生长繁殖产生外毒素（痉挛毒素和溶血毒素）所引起的以局部和全身肌肉强直、痉挛、抽搐为特征的一种毒血症，是急性特异性感染中较为严重而危及生命的急症之一[1]。常因合并严重的感染、呼吸衰竭、窒息而死亡，窒息是重型破伤风死亡的最主要原因[2]。重型破伤风病死率为30%～50%[3]。2006年1月～2011年2月本院收治重型破伤风患者30例，取得较好的临床效果，现报道如下： 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 本院2006年1月~2011年2月共收治重型破伤风患者30例，其中，男21例，女