英语句子成分知识讲稿.pptVIP

英语句子 成分分析 （一 ）主语 主语表示句子所说的是“谁”或“什么事物”通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。 The book is interesting. She went out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. When we shall leave hasn’t been decided. The wounded ____taken good care of there. What he has just said ___true. were is 形容词或分词前加the 可以表示一类人，做主语时，谓语动 词用复数。 从句也可以做主语，称为主语从句，此时谓语动词用单数。 （二） 谓语 谓语说明主语“干什么”，“是什么”，“怎么样”，主要由动词构成。有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。 1. 简单谓语： 是由动词或动词词组组成的。 Everyone laughed. Mike likes his new book. 2. 复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词 + 动词”构成；“连系动词+ 表语”也构成复合谓语。 He can speak English very well. The work must be done before three o’clock. He is a teacher. （三） 表语 表语常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词）之后，和系动词一起构成谓语。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。 1. He is a student. 2. The story is interesting． 3. This is what he said. 4. Seeing is believing.5. That sounds a good idea. （四） 宾语 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般用在及物动词或介词后面, 由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当 1. I love you. 2. She promised to help me. 3. I don’t know what he said at the meeting. 4. He likes playing basketball. 宾语包括间接宾语(人) 和直接宾语(物)。间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），紧接在谓语动词后；直接宾语是谓语动作的承受者。 They offered me the job. He gave me a book. （五） 宾语补足语 有些动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，称为宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 I found the book interesting. He made himself known to them first. I consider her as my best friend. I shall call it Kitty. （七） 状语 状语是句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句担任，可表时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。 1.Speak politely. (副词) 2.He is busy at present. （介词短语） 3.To search for gold, many people went to California. (不定式) 4.Hearing the news, he was very happy. (现在分词) 5.Built in1971，the house looks old. (过去分词) 6.He was late for school because he got up late.(状语从句) （八） 同位语 同位语，是指跟在某些名词的后面，对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括，但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。由名词、代词、数词或从句等充当。 1. We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） 2.Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语） Miss Zhou,