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- 2018-03-29 发布于广东
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观察蜉蝣的生态是其中一个方法每个人24
血型系统定义 血型通常定义为血液各成分的遗传多态性(genetic polymorphism) 大部分血型属于免疫血液学范畴,但血型的检出并不都是用免疫学方法。如 红细胞酶型、血清蛋白型——电泳法HLA-D抗原——混合淋巴细胞保养法 血型系统 研究方法 采用群体调查,如果某一血型频率在另一血型系统各抗原中呈均匀分布,说明这两种血型抗原在遗传上各自独立,也可以说这两种血型抗原的基因位点在不同对的染色体上,服从自由组合规律;或在同一对染色体的不同位点上,但遗传距离甚远 控制ABO血型基因位于第九染色体 Red blood cell bloodgroup 255 antigens, 29 blood group systems Carbohydrate-defined antigens:ABO, Lewis, Hh, P and Ii (these antigens is determined by sugars, and thus the genes responsible for these antigens code for an intermediated molecule, usually an enzyme that creates the antigenic specificity by transferring sugar molecules on the protein or lipid). Antigen determined by amino acid sequences of proteins(directly determined by genes) 抗原位点数和剂量效应 基因为纯合子时,抗原点位数多,与抗体反应强 基因为杂合子时,抗原点位数少,与抗体反应弱 剂量效应在MN血型系统和Rh血型系统比较明显,在ABO血型系统等其他不明显。 血型抗体 天然抗体 :是指没有可察觉抗原刺激产生的“抗体”,(菌类、花粉尘埃等)多主要有存在于ABO、MN、P和Lewis血型系统中,以IgM和IgG共同存在,A型和B型多数以IgM为主,O型人在成年后以IgG占优势,特别是女性 Before transfusion ABO and Rh typing of donor and recipient red cells Antibody Detection Test(Direct/Indirect Antiglobulin or Coombs’ Test) Red cell compatibility testing Part oneRed blood cell group 目的要求: 掌握ABO、Rh血型的鉴定 熟悉Rh血型的确认试验 ABO SYSTEMPrinciple of procedure 红细胞上具有A抗原者为A型- Red blood cells possess A blood group antigens 有B抗原者为B型- Red blood cells possess B blood group antigens A和B抗原都没有者为O型- Red blood cells lack A and B blood group antigens A和B抗原都有者为AB型- Red blood cells possess A and B blood group antigens Rh SYSTEM Rh血型系是最为复杂的一个血型系。 The D antigen is capable of stimulating production of Anti-D in persons lacking the D antigen. Anti-D is a clinically significant antibody capable of causing RBC destruction and may result in hemolytic disease of the newborn and transfusion reaction. The principle of blood group Antigen-antibody reaction Red cell agglutination occurs in two stages: first the antibody binds to red cell surface; then the antibodies interact to bring the cells in approximation,
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