21并列结构.pptVIP

Lecture 21: Coordination 1 Definition A coordinate construction is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank of structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators. 2 Types of Coordinate Constructions 1) Formation of coordinate constructions Coordinate constructions may be on different ranks in grammatical hierarchy. They may be a sequence of coordinated words, phrases, or clauses. 2) Coordinating devices A coordinate construction is formed with coordinating devices including coordinators and some punctuation marks (comma, semi-colon, colon). 3) Insertion between coordinated items Two coordinated items can be interrupted by an insertion just to lend emphasis to the second item. Likewise, in a series of three or more coordinated items, the last two can also be interrupted by an insertion to produce the same rhetorical effect. 4) Coordinators semantically considered Modern English has four basic coordinators: and, or, but, for/so. 并列句的分类 1. 表示同等关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。? Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。 2. 表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如： It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。? School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。? 3. 表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。or有两重含义：? (1)译为“或者”，表示选择。例如： Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如： You must tell the truth，or you will be punished．你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。 4. 表示因果关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。(1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两个简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如：He has many good friends, for he i