抗生素(英文精品) PPCP’s, PBT’s, POP’s PUBS Antibiotic Resistance幻灯片课件.pptVIP

The reasons for increased resistance are expressed in this simple equation. Let’s look at the first term, Bacteria, first. And the remarkable thing about this gene movement is that it can and does happen across species! This is not new information, but it is information that sometimes gets lost in the struggle to find drugs to treat resistant infections in sick people. Textbook knowledge: Demonstrated exchange of antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids and transposons among members of Enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive cocci, Bacillus and and other microbial genera. Our studies demonstrated genetic exchange between two markedly distinct oral bacteria -- an oral spirochete and a streptococcus. Therefore, exchange between two closely related bacteria, such as the one responsible for dental caries -- Streptococcus mutans -- and the harmless Streptococcusgordonii is highly probable./releases/2001/03/010312072551.htm HUMAN GUT POTENTIAL BREEDING GROUND FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Press release from ASM on Abigail Salyers study showing evidence of horizontal antibiotic resistance transfer in Bacteroides:/pcsrc/gutresistance.htm Now let’s look at the second term in the resistance equation, the antibiotics themselves. And we know that resistance is a problem because of documented and/or theoretical increased incidence of disease from resistant organisms, potential for increased morbidity and/or mortality. Resistance can increase the duration of illness. Certainly increases the cost of treatment directly by increasing cost of antibiotics and indirectly for above stated reasons. Antibiotic resistance is not a desirable state of affairs. USC Estimate of Antimicrobial Use(Hogging It! Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock. USC, 2001) Total Antimicrobial Use 35,127,539 Pounds WE DON’T KNOW who is using how much of which drug for what! Antimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Options. Forum on Emerging Infections. Institute of Medicine , 1998. Hogging It! E