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EID 1999; Vol 5 Decrease in VRE After Removing Avoparcin From Animal Feed US – New Antibacterial Agents Year No. Approved Agents 1991 20± Multiple agents 1992 3 Temafloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefpodoxime 1993 1 Piperacillin/Tazobactam 1994 0 Lowest number of new agents (22) since 1988 1995 2 Dirithromycin, ceftibutin 1996 4 Meropenem, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, Cefepime 1997 2 Grepafloxacin, Trovafloxacin 1998 0 Rivaled 1994 1999 3 Dalfopristin/quinupristin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin 2000 1 Linezolid 2001 2 Ertapenem, ceftidoren 2002 0 89 drugs approved, no antibacterial agents 2003 2 Daptomycin, gemifloxacin Waiting Room Poster “The ravaging epidemic of AIDS has shocked the world…We will face similar catastrophes again…We have too many illusions that we can…govern the remaining vital kingdoms, the microbes, that remain our competitors of last resort for dominion of the planet” 1988, Dr. Joshua Lederberg, Nobel Laureate * * Misuse of Antibiotics: The Worldwide Crisis of Resistant Bacterial Infections James A. Wilde MD Medical Director, GUARD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Medical College of Georgia What Causes Infections? Infections are caused by one of four life forms: Virus 75% or more of all infections Bacteria less than 25% Parasites less than 1% in the US Fungus less than 1% in the US Virus: Can live in the environment for years Attack humans by invading cells of certain organs Hepatitis virus: attacks the liver cells Encephalitis virus: attacks the brain cells Cold virus: attacks the throat and breathing passages Diarrhea virus: attacks the small intestine Cannot reproduce or grow unless inside a cell “Sucks” the energy from the cell, eventually kills it Too small to be seen with most microscopes Bacteria Easily visible with a microscope Can live and grow wherever they find food Mountain streams Ocean water Rotting animal or plant Sewer Topsoil Blood/skin/throat/lungs/urinary bladder/intestine Some divide and grow every 20 mi
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