Why ‘supermajority’ no longer works in the Senate.docVIP

/opinions/why-supermajority-no-longer-works-in-the-senate/2011/11/04/gIQAT8cdnM_story.html Why ‘supermajority’ no longer works in the Senate（为什么绝对多数制现在在参议院不再有效了） By Jeff Merkley,?Published: November?5（十一月五号发表） My colleague Sen. Ron Johnson recently argued on these pages that a supermajority voting requirement in the Senate is part of our Founding Fathers’ constitutional design and that recent efforts to change it are driving the “bankrupting of America” [“A simple majority is not enough,” op-ed, Oct. 23].（我的大学同学约翰最近在这个页面上一直为了在参议院选举的绝大多数需求是国家的奠基者们在宪法中的要求可是最近一些改变使得美利坚破产）（一个简单多数并不能满足需求） I take a different view.（我有不同的的观点） At no time did our Founders envision that the Senate would require a supermajority to pass legislation. Indeed, the Constitution requires a supermajority only for very limited purposes, including the ratification of treaties and the override of a presidential veto.（在任何时候国家的奠基者们都不会说要求绝大多数的满足来在参议院通过一项法案。事实上，需要绝大多数同意的情况只适用于一些非常有限的情况，包括一些条约的签署和对总统的否决。） Nor did the early Senate adopt any supermajority requirements by rule. Senators extended the courtesy of extensive debate as a basic principle of deliberation, but they passed all legislation by simple majorities.（不仅早些时候的参议院接受过任何多数制的规则。参议员延长了由广泛的争论的一个基本原理审议While some were tempted to talk a bill to death by not agreeing to a final vote, this temptation was moderated by working relations — historically, the Senate had many fewer members than it does today — a deep commitment to the principle of majority rule, and the prospect that if individuals were to abuse the process, the Senate could respond by adopting a rule change with a simple majority.（有时有的人尝试否决一项提案通过在最终的投票中投反对票，这种尝试的诱惑被工作的关系和历史的原因条件限制着，在那个时候参议院只有比现在要少得多的人，这样的条件对于多数原则的接受就更加符合，但是现在看来如果任何一个个体滥用这个过程，参议院就这能采纳一项新的简单多数原则来改变原有规则。） Many Founders saw the possibility of a supermajority requirement for passing bills as destructive, inappropriately subjugating the wisdom of the many to the wisdom of the few. Alexander Hamilton observed in the Federalist papers t