毕业设计 精密水准测量在沉降观测中的应用.doc

xxxx职业技术学院 毕业设计（论文） 精密水准测量在沉降观测中的应用 摘 要 由于测量学是一门实践性很强的学科，然而对即将面临毕业而从事测量专业的学子们来说，对培养他们的思维和动手能力、掌握各种仪器的使用起着相当重要的作用，然而我也是这其中的一员，在自己所处的单位从事测量专业，主要是（新建铁路贵州至广州客运专线线下工程沉降与变形观测）沉降观测。 这次沉降观测中主要用的仪器是Trimble Dini12高精度电子水准仪，主要对路基沉降、桥墩、涵洞、隧道的沉降观测，并且通过这次沉降观测，我对二等精密水准测量的观测、记录、对数据的处理和各种仪器的使用有了更加深刻认识和理解，也提高了我的综合能力和知识面，但是和以前的不同之处是仪器不同，以前我实习用的是光学水准仪，现在是电子水准仪，限差和光学的一样，唯一不同之处是电子水准仪测量速度快，也减少了计算量，避免人为误差比较多，和光学水准仪相比精度比较高，下面我就介绍下电子水准仪的基本原理、特点、使用操作、数据传输处理及在沉降观测工作中的应用。 关键词 电子水准仪 条形编码尺 沉降观测 目 录 前言····················································································································3 第一章 绪论····································································································4 第一节 1、电子水准仪的原理·········································································4 2、电子水准仪的特点·········································································4 第二节 电子水准仪（Trimble Dini12）的组成及由来······································4 第三节 1、电子水准仪（Trimble Dini12）的系统参数设置······························5 2、电子水准仪（Trimble Dini12）的限差要求····································5 第四节 一、工程文件的建立···········································································5 二、水准路线的建立及测量·································································5 三、水准路线的结束···········································································6 四、电子水准仪（Trimble Dini12）的水准测量数据的传输与处理··········6 第二章 精密水准网的布设·······································································14 第一节 水准控制网的建立·············································································14 第二节 根据水准控制点埋设沉降变形测量点的位置··········································14 第三章 精密水准在沉降观测中应用······················································16 第一节 精密水准在沉降观测中的测量路线及方法和点号编辑规则······················16 第二节 精密水准在沉降观测时注意事项和对消除限差办法·······························18 第四章 沉降观测中对常见问题的分析及