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总结 谢谢您的呵护 * * * * Clean hands are the single most important factor in preventing the spread of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. Hand hygiene reduces the incidence of healthcare associated infections. CDC estimates that each year nearly 2 million patients in the United States get an infection in hospitals, and about 90,000 of these patients die as a result of their infection. More widespread use of hand hygiene products that improve adherence to recommended hand hygiene practices will promote patient safety and prevent infections. * There is substantial evidence that hand hygiene reduces the incidence of infections. Semmelweis demonstrated that the mortality rate among mothers who delivered in the First Obstetrics Clinic at the General Hospital of Vienna was significantly lower when hospital staff cleaned their hands with an antiseptic agent than when they washed their hands with plain soap and water. In more recent studies healthcare-associated infection rates were lower when antiseptic handwashing was performed by personnel and went down when adherence to recommended hand hygiene practices improved. * * * * * Healthcare workers should wash hands with soap and water when hands are visibly dirty, contaminated or soiled and use an alcohol-based handrub when hands are not visibly soiled to reduce bacterial counts. * Hand hygiene is indicated before: patient contact, donning gloves when inserting a central venous catheter (CVC), and inserting urinary catheters, peripheral vascular catheters, or other invasive devices that don’t require surgery. Hand hygiene is also indicated after contact with a patient’s intact skin, contact with body fluids or excretions, non-intact skin, or wound dressings, and after removing gloves. Gloves should be used when a HCW has contact with blood or other body fluids in accordance with universal precautions. * * * These recommendations will improve hand hygiene practices of HCWs and reduce t