专业主义--财务管理英语.pdf

财务管理专业英语 Chapter 1 ACCOUNTING IN ACCTION 1.Study objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Understand the information system of accounting. 2.Use some accounting elements. 3.Explain the meaning of the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption. 4.State the basic accounting equation, and explain the meaning of assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity. 5.Understand what the four financial statements are and how they are prepared. 2.vocabulary  1)General accepted accounting principles  公认会计原则  GAAP: the accounting profession has developed standards that are generally accepted and universally practiced. This common set of standards is called generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). these standards indicate how to report economic events.  two organization are primarily responsible for establishing GAAP. The first is financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). －－财务 会计准则委员会 The second standards-setting group is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).  －－证券交易委员会 American’s three-tiered structure in accounting  美国会计部门体系的三个层次（three-tiered structure):  国会（Congress)-证券交易委员会(SEC)-FASB,  由FASB在各种会计期刊上来发布各种会计准则（Issues pronouncements on various accounting issues ），  美国国会支配SEC 和FASB，而SEC又支配FASB，但FASB遭到破坏 （undermining)的情况很少，相反，如果FASB发布的会计准则是错误的话， 那么来自企业的压力就会波及到全部的三个层次。因此，会计准则的制订工 作是一项复杂的过程(complex process),一项会计准则(accounting principle) 的制订(setting)牵涉到方方面面的利益(interactions among the affected parties):政府公共部门(public regulators: Congress and SEC), 民间私立组织 （Private regulator: FASB),企业（companies),跟会计职业有关的人(those in the public accounting profession: AICPA),投资者(investors)和其他l利益相关 群体(other interested groups)，  2)GAAP Cost principle –历史成本原则 Matching principle—配比原则 Full-disclosure principle 充分披露原则 Consistency principle 一贯性原则 Materiality principle 重要性原则 Co